In what zone do EMS units operate at the scene of a hazardous materials situation?

In a hazardous materials situation, EMS units primarily operate in the cold zone. This area is designated for safe operations and is set at a secure distance from the hazardous materials, ensuring the safety of personnel and patients while minimizing the risks associated with potential exposure to harmful substances.

Within the cold zone, EMS personnel can establish a triage area, provide care to patients, and coordinate with other emergency services without the direct threat of hazardous exposure. It is critical for healthcare providers to remain within this zone until they have been properly trained and equipped to enter the hot zone, where contamination is possible, or the warm zone, which serves as a buffer between the hot and cold zones.

In contrast, the hot zone is an area where hazardous materials are present and where direct exposure can occur. The warm zone acts as a transition area where decontamination occurs; however, EMS units do not operate in these areas for patient care unless they have the appropriate protective measures in place.